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| Registros recuperados: 34 | |
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| Kherallah, Mylene; Minot, Nicholas; Gruhn, Peter. |
| In response to slow growth in the agricultural sector and as part of a general shift towards a more market-oriented economy, the Government of Egypt started liberalizing the agricultural sector in 1987. Controls over wheat production and marketing were eliminated and wheat producer prices were brought closer to international levels. As a result, there has been remarkable increases in wheat crop area and yields, causing wheat production to triple from 1986 to 1998. This study analyzes the results of a survey of 800 Egyptian wheat farmers in order to address three issues that are of interest to agricultural reform policy in Egypt. First, what are the patterns in wheat production and marketing that have emerged following the economic reforms? Second, why is... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Small farmer; Wheat yields; Egypt; Econometrics; Agricultural policy; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97384 |
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| Minot, Nicholas; Ngigi, Margaret. |
| Kenyan horticultural exports are often cited as a success story in African agriculture. Fruit and vegetable exports from Côte d’Ivoire have received less attention, but the export value is similar to that of Kenya. This paper focuses on three questions. First, do the horticultural sectors of Kenya and Côte d’Ivoire constitute valid success stories? Second, what factors have contributed to the success (or lack thereof)? And third, to what degree can the success be replicated in other African countries? The paper finds that Kenyan horticultural exports are indeed a success story: horticulture has become the third largest earner of foreign exchange, more than half the exports are produced by smallholders, and smallholders gain from producing for the export... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Horticulture; Exports; Kenya; Côte d’Ivoire; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60330 |
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| Minot, Nicholas. |
| In Tanzania, as in many other developing countries, the conventional wisdom is that economic reforms may have stimulated economic growth, but that the benefits of this growth have been uneven, favoring urban households and farmers with good market access. This idea, although quite plausible, has rarely been tested empirically. In this paper, we develop a new approach to measuring trends in poverty and apply it to Tanzania in order to explore the distributional aspects of economic growth and the relationship between rural poverty and market access. We find that, between 1991 and 2003, a period of extensive economic reforms, the overall rate of poverty fell about 9 percentage points. The degree of poverty reduction was similar between rural and urban areas,... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Tanzania; Poverty; Market access; Agricultural development; Rural areas; Economic reform; Measurement; Rural poverty; International Development; I32; O18; O55; Q13; R11. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59829 |
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| Minot, Nicholas. |
| In Tanzania, as in many other developing countries, the conventional wisdom is that economic reforms may have stimulated economic growth, but the benefits of this growth have been uneven, favoring urban households and farmers with good market access. This idea, although quite plausible, has rarely been tested. In this paper, we develop a new approach to measuring trends in poverty and inequality and apply it to Tanzania in order to explore the distributional aspects of economic growth and the relationship between rural poverty and market access. We find that, over the 1990s when significant economic reforms were implemented, the overall rate of poverty fell. Poverty fell the least in Dar es Salaam and the most in small urban areas. The degree of... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20188 |
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| Minot, Nicholas. |
| It is generally recognized that small-farm agriculture plays a central role in economic development, both in supplying a significant portion of the domestic food crop supplies and in generating income for low-income families. For crops such as rubber, tea, coffee, and many fruits and vegetables, large amounts of labor are required for land preparation, planting, weeding, harvesting, etc. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Small-farm agriculture; Farm Management; Downloads August 2008 - July 2009: 28; J43. |
| Ano: 1986 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54740 |
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| Minot, Nicholas; Kherallah, Mylene; Berry, Philippe. |
| Most countries in sub-Saharan Africa have reduced or eliminated fertilizer subsidies and liberalized input marketing as part of the reform process that began in the early 1980s. The effect on fertilizer prices and use is one of the most frequently mentioned criticisms of liberalization. The effect of these reforms, however, has varied widely across countries. For example, in Benin fertilizer use has increased ten-fold since 1982, while in Malawi it has risen just 30 percent, less than population growth over the period. This paper explores the factors behind these widely different experiences with input market reform. It relies in part on household survey data collected by IFPRI and collaborating institutions in 1998. The two surveys used nationally... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16127 |
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| Minot, Nicholas; Benson, Todd. |
| In the 1970s and 1980s, most African countries sold fertilizer at subsidized prices through state-owned enterprises. In response to the fiscal cost and ineffective implementation of these subsidies, as well as pressure from international financial institutions, almost all of these countries liberalized their fertilizer markets to some degree as part of structural adjustment programs carried out in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Under these reforms, governments eliminated state monopolies on fertilizer distribution and phased out universal subsidies. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55510 |
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| Minot, Nicholas. |
| Geographic targeting is often recommended as a way to improve the impact of social spending and infrastructure investments on rural poverty. Previous research shows that such targeting is not very accurate unless the geographic units are small. Household surveys, however, rarely allow the estimation of poverty rates for more than 5-10 regions in a country. This study develops a method for generating disaggregated poverty maps and applies the method to Viet Nam. First, the relationship between rural poverty and 25 household indicators is estimated using household survey data. Then, census data on those same indicators are used to estimate the poverty rates for each of the 543 rural districts in Viet Nam. The results indicate that poverty is concentrated in... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102528 |
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| Miyata, Sachiko; Minot, Nicholas; Hu, Dinghuan. |
| Contract farming is seen by proponents as a way to raise small-farm income by delivering technology and market information to small farmers, incorporating them into remunerative new markets. Critics, however, see it as a strategy for agribusiness firms to pass production risk to farmers, taking advantage of an unequal bargaining relationship. There is also concern that contract farming will worsen rural income inequality by favoring larger farmers. This study examines these issues in Shandong Province, China, using survey data collected from 162 apple and green onion farmers and interviews with four contracting firms in 2005. Using a probit model to estimate participation in a contract-farming scheme, we find little evidence that contracting firms prefer... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Contract farming; China; Horticulture; Exports; Agribusiness; Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42357 |
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| Minot, Nicholas; Daniels, Lisa. |
| World cotton prices have fallen by about 40 percent over the last two years, focusing attention on the effect of subsidies for cotton growers in depressing prices. This paper combines farm survey data from Benin with assumptions about the decline in farm- level prices to estimate the direct and indirect effects of cotton price reductions on rural income and poverty in Benin. The results indicate that there is a strong link between cotton prices and rural welfare in Benin. A 40 percent reduction in farm-level prices of cotton results in an increase in rural poverty of 8 percentage points in the short-run and 6- 7 percentage points in the long run. Based on the estimated marginal propensity to consume tradable goods, the consumption multiplier is in the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16213 |
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| Minot, Nicholas; Epprecht, Michael; Anh, Tran Thi Tram; Trung, Le Quang. |
| Urbanization and income growth within developing countries have created large markets for meat, milk, fish, fruits, and vegetables, while trade liberalization and foreign investment have connected farmers in developing countries with high-income consumers in other countries. In the first half of the 1990s, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) carried out a series of studies on the impact of agricultural commercialization on farm income and nutrition, finding that the effects were generally positive. More recently, IFPRI research explored the “livestock revolution” and its effect on small farmers, as well as the dramatic growth in international trade in fish and seafood, in which developing countries play an increasingly important role.... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Vietnam; Northern; Income; Rural conditions; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37884 |
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| Minot, Nicholas. |
| In the context of the economic development, income diversification is sometimes defined as the process by which households switch from growing low-value staple food crops to growing a mix of food crops and higher-value commercial crops (crop diversification) and from farming to non-farm activities (non-farm diversification). The literature on income diversification has measured trends, identified determinants, and speculated on the constraints to diversification, but there has been relatively little analysis of the contribution of diversification to income growth. This paper uses household survey data from 1993 and 1998 to quantify the contribution of crop diversification and non-farm diversification to the growth of household income in the northern... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22029 |
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| Minot, Nicholas. |
| Economic reforms in Tanzania have resulted in low inflation and solid economic growth, but many observers question whether the standard of living of ordinary Tanzanians has improved. Furthermore, there is a strong suspicion that the benefits have been concentrated among the urban population and among rural households with good market access, leaving remote rural households behind. In this paper, we demonstrate a new approach to measuring poverty trends over time. First, the relationship between poverty and household characteristics is estimated using household budget survey data. Second, this relationship is applied to the same characteristics in Demographic and Health Surveys, four of which have been carried out in Tanzania. The results suggest that the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Market access; Tanzania; Economic reforms; Food Security and Poverty; C0; I3; O1; Q13; R0. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25603 |
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| Bullock, David S.; Minot, Nicholas. |
| Our purpose is to present in detail numerical methods of measuring the value of nonmarket goods using market data, under either weak neutrality, weak complementarity, or any other preference restriction meeting the requirements discussed in this paper. It has been claimed in a number of places in the literature that numerical methods cannot be used to measure the value of nonmarket goods unless the very restrictive Willig conditions are satisfied. We show that this claim is mistaken, and that numerical methods can be used whether or not the Willig conditions are satisfied. Our numerical methods are more flexible than the existing analytical method because ours can be used with any Marshallian demand system. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25272 |
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| Registros recuperados: 34 | |
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